Aggregates and Social Aggregates in Sociology

Within sociology, there are two kinds of aggregates that are commonly used: the social aggregate and aggregate data. The first is simply a collection of people who happen to be in the same place at the same time, and the second refers to when we use summary statistics like averages to show something about a population or a social trend. The Social Aggregate A social aggregate is a collection of people who are in the same place at the same time, but who otherwise do not necessarily have anything in common, and who may not interact with each other. A social aggregate is different from a social group, which refers to two or more people who interact regularly and who have things in common, like a romantic couple, a family, friends, classmates, or coworkers, among others. A social aggregate is also different from a social category, which refers to a group of people defined by a shared social characteristic, like gender, race, ethnicity, nationality, age, class, etc. Every day we become part of social aggregates, like when we walk down a crowded sidewalk, eat in a restaurant, ride public transit with other passengers, and shop in stores. The only thing that binds them together is physical proximity. Social aggregates sometimes figure into sociology when researchers use a convenience sample to carry out a research project. They are also present in the work of sociologists who conduct participant observation or ethnographic research. For example, a researcher studying what happens in a particular retail setting might take note of the customers present, and document their demographic makeup by age, race, class, gender, etc., in order to provide a description of the social aggregate that shops at that store. Using Aggregate Data The more common form of an aggregate in sociology is aggregate data. This refers to when social scientists use summary statistics to describe a group or a social trend. The most common type of aggregate data is an average (mean, median, and mode), which allows us to understand something about a group, rather than considering data that represents specific individuals. Median household income is among the most commonly used forms of aggregate data within the social sciences. This figure represents the household income that sits exactly in the middle of the household income spectrum. Social scientists often look at changes in median household income over time in order to see long-term economic trends at the household level. We also use aggregate data to examine differences among groups, like the change over time in median household income, depending on ones  level of education. Looking at an aggregate data trend like this, we see that the economic value of a college degree relative to a high school degree is much greater today than it was in the 1960s. Another common use of aggregate data in social sciences is tracking income by gender and race. Most readers are probably familiar with the concept of the wage gap, which refers to the historical fact that women on average earn less than men and that people of color in the U.S. earn less than white people. This type of research is produced using aggregate data that shows averages of hourly, weekly, and annual earnings by race and gender, and it proves that despite legalized equality, interpersonal discrimination on the basis of gender and race still works to create an unequal society. Updated  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D.

A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner Essay - 1064 Words

â€Å"A Rose for Emily† opens with a line that immediately tells the audience that the main character, Emily Grierson, lived a life that was on display; â€Å"When Emily Grierson died, our whole town went to her funeral† (Faulkner 119). The voyeurism that is evident throughout the story, following the life of the main character through the perspective of her watchful community, is introduced by the very first line. In Donaldson’s essay, she explains that many classic southern gothic tales â€Å"bring attention to the spectacle of a woman† (Donaldson 2), which is precisely what any reader of â€Å"A Rose for Emily† will find. Emily Grierson is a spectacle as well as a burden to her community. She is judged based upon her appearance, her actions, oddities and†¦show more content†¦Emily also refuses to partake in the postal system. Her refusal to comply shows that she has her own personal set of laws and conduct. Emily adamantly resists change , even when it is in regards to law or her superiors. Emily shirking her duties as a citizen are only a small part of her eccentric character. Her resistance to change becomes evident in other aspects of her life as the story proceeds. Possibly the most prominent example of her struggle with change is her murder of Homer Barron. In this act she is refusing to let Homer abandon her as well as letting his death keep her from sleeping with him each night. She displays her obsession with control. She is so fixated by having absolute control that she has a relationship with someone deceased, with no responsiveness or will. In the analysis, typical southern gothic women such as Emily represent a different kind of southern woman, â€Å"the roles of women were rapidly changing as the â€Å"woman of piety, submissiveness, and purity began to give way† (Donaldson 3). Although Emily lacks the need to change, she does not fall into the category of traditional either. The town is †Å"half sympathetic toward and half horrified by the spectacle of women betwixt and between tradition and change† (Donaldson 1). This is exactly where Emily Grierson falls; she is not quite traditional but she is not progressive either. For lack of a better phrase, she sticks out like a sore thumb,Show MoreRelatedA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner923 Words   |  4 PagesA Rose for Emily; A Tale of The Old South William Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi in 1897 but lived most of his life in Oxford, a small town nearby. After dropping out of high school then briefly joining the Canadian Air Force, he returned home and completed three terms at the University of Mississippi (Fulton 27). During his early twenties Faulkner spent time in New Orleans and Europe before returning to Oxford and publishing his first book of poems. In 1929 he married Estelle FranklinRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1729 Words   |  7 PagesJune 24, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In every neighborhood there is always that one house that is a mystery to everyone. A house that everyone wants to know about, but nobody can seem to be able to dig up any answers. It’s the type of place that you would take any opportunity or excuse to get to explore. The littler that is known, the more the curiosity increases about this mysterious place or person. In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, this mysterious person is Emily Grierson, andRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner949 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† it is clear how Emily’s gender affects how the individuals in the town perceive her. Emily’s gender particularly affects how men understand her. Throughout the whole piece Emily is seen as a helpless individual who is lonely and has suffered losses throughout her life. When the reader reaches the end of the story the actions that Emily has taken is unexpected because of the way she is perceived by the narrator. In the beginning of the story, when the wholeRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1577 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Sarah Markins Dr. Bibby ENG 107 February 11, 2015 â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, written by William Faulkner in 1931, follows a series of peculiar events in Miss Emily Griersons life. Written in third person limited, Faulkner utilizes flashbacks to tell of the period between the death of Emily’s father and her own passing. Split into five short sections, the story starts out with the townspeople of Jefferson remembering Emily’s legacy and how each new generation ofRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1552 Words   |  7 PagesRyan Dunn Mrs. Williams English 11 March 11, 2016 In the short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner, the reader is given a glimpse of the internal conflict of the main character, living in the past, and the involvement of an over involved society causing the reader to look into the consciousness of an individual haunted by a past and lack of a future. The story is set in a post-Civil War town in the South. He is able to give the reader a glimpse of the practices and attitudes that had unitedRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1507 Words   |  7 Pages1897, William Cuthbert Faulkner was born in New Albany, Mississippi. He stands as one of the most preeminent American writers of the twentieth century. His literary reputation included poetry, novels, short stories, and screenplays. Faulkner won two Pulitzer Prizes for Fiction and the Nobel Prize in Literature. â€Å"A Rose for Emily† is a short fascinating story written by William Faulkner and it was his first short story published in a national m agazine. The story involved an old woman named Emily GriersonRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words   |  4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily† by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time† and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one who denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeableRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1270 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† thoroughly examines the life of a strange woman name Emily Grierson who lives in the town of Jefferson. If we examine â€Å"A Rose for Emily† in terms of formalist criticism, we see that the story dramatizes through setting, plot, characterization, and symbolism on how Miss Emily’s life is controlled by a possessive love she had for her father and lover. William Faulkner uses Emily’s life as the protagonist to examine from a formalist aspect. In orderRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1780 Words   |  8 PagesIn 1930, William Faulkner wrote a five-part story entitled â€Å"A Rose for Emily† that follows the life of a young woman named Miss Emily Grierson. Faulkner sets his story in the Old South, soon after the ending of America’s Civil War, and represents the decaying values of the Confederacy (Kirszner Mandell, 2013a, p. 244). One of these values which the text portrays quite often in â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, is the patriarchal custom of society viewing men as having more importance than their female counterpartsRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner1277 Words   |  6 PagesMiss Emily Grierson, the main character in the strange short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† written by William Faulkner. It would be best to examine her in a mental capacity as well as the circumstances that may affect her. Throughout the story, Miss Emily’s unpredictable and eccentric behavior becomes unusual, and the reader, like the townspeople in the story, is left to speculate how Miss Emily has spent years living and sleeping with the body of Homer Barron. An important quote from the story was that

Naive Realism Essay Free Essays

Sensory perception, or how people view things in life, helps to define naà ¯ve realism, meaning that we view the world directly as we see it, in cold, concrete tangibility.  Ã‚   Meaning, I know I have seen a bird and not just something created in my mind.   Ã‚  Representative realism, on the other hand, believes that the mind formulates images—crafts them—as the mind digests information and then creates the images we see within the bounds of our peripheral space. We will write a custom essay sample on Naive Realism Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will discuss two differences between naà ¯ve realism and representative realism followed by an assessment of representative realism. First of all, when we view life as a naà ¯ve realist, we can prove with tangible evidence—using some or all of the six senses— that what we perceive is actually there. For example, a birthday cake on a table can be touched, tasted, felt, and smelled, thereby proving its existence.   The representative realist fathoms images seen from an abstract angle.   For example, cloud formations in the sky can be viewed as different objects.   Someone says, â€Å"I see a bear’s face in the cloud, while someone else may see a butterfly. To go one step further, in naà ¯ve realism, we say that time is distributed into ‘now,’ which is a real experience, and ‘the past,’ which did happen but no longer exists, and ‘the future,’ which is yet to occur. Science says we have â€Å"objective reality,† or the here and now.   Along with this, there is â€Å"subjective perception,† or two people seeing the same thing differently.   Classical science, then, broke away from naà ¯ve realism and had to consider the representative realist’s viewpoint.   For example, when we think of dreams or watching a movie, two people may see things very differently. True, they are there, but where is the distinction-mark drawn to separate what is dreamt and what is real, or how do we separate two different viewpoints of the same movie? This, for a naà ¯ve realist, is difficult to answer.   Sure, we can speculate but it only brings us closer to falling in line with the representative’s methodology.   Here’s an analogy to help define this: The representative realist’s brain acts as a baker that follows a recipe, using the ingredients in his kitchen to bake a cake. Slight modifications in the amount of an ingredient can alter the flavor, or even the appearance of the cake.   A potential award-winning three-layer cake will sink in the oven without sufficient yeast.   Thus, the representative realist solves this dilemma by believing the brain is the baker cooking up images, whereas the naà ¯ve realist purely functions on digesting tangible images. Naà ¯ve realism can be criticized and assessed further. If we regard perception as a case whereby individual knowledge creates what we see, the floodgate of personal interpretation is opened.   Can naà ¯ve realism swim in these floodgates of varied perceptions?   If situations are regarded simply, then the naà ¯ve realist can understand what he sees. However, life is not a simple cookie-cutter mold.   Even something as simple as a lump of wax seeks varied interpretation when we add a new ingredient, say a wick and a flame.   Now the wax takes on new features and varied perceptions.   Even the same person can visualize the same object in many different ways. Look at a print created by M.C. Escher and you will see how quickly the mind can shift its perceptive view of the same thing. In final assessment of representative realism, it can be seen that it does, in fact, provides a significant and worthwhile advancement in our understanding of humankind experiences.   For, living in a world where the psychological makeup of an individual holds such lasting presence, it is difficult to image only believing in the naà ¯ve realist’s way of thinking.   However, just to be fair, naà ¯ve realism will always have a place in human intellectual perception.   It’s up to the individual to determine how she sees things. SOURCES: http://www.arrod.co.uk/essays/representative-realism.php http://www.planetpapers.com/Assets/4368.php http://spartan.ac.brocku.ca/~lward/Dewey/Dewey_1916/Dewey_1916_09.html          How to cite Naive Realism Essay, Essay examples

Feasibility of Gumamela Leaf Extract as Antibiotic Sample Essay Example For Students

Feasibility of Gumamela Leaf Extract as Antibiotic Sample Essay Gumamela is a bush that grows from one metre up to 4 metres high. Gumamela is besides known as: Hibiscus. China Rose and Shoeflower. In the Philippines. gumamela is cultivated as an cosmetic works. The gumamela flower comes in many colourss: ruddy. yellow. orange. white. purple. pink and other colour combinations. Gumamela leaves. normally blended with Rose Hip has long been used in the Middle East and Okinawa as herbal tea. Today. the usage of gumamela tea is deriving world-wide popularity – including Asia. Gumamela ( Hibiscus ) is associated with length of service. Gumamela as Herbal Medicine As herbal medical specialty. gumamela flower. foliages and roots are used. Gumamela has the undermentioned medicative features: expectorator. diuretic. cream. anti-infectious. anti-inflammatory. antipyretic. analgesic and refrigerant. Preparation A ; Use of Gumamela: There are two ways to use gumamela as herbal medical specialty. One is dried and the other is fresh. For Dried gumamela. roll up the flower. leaves and/or roots. Wash. so cut into little pieces and Sun prohibitionist. To utilize as decoction. boil the dried gumamela parts ( 1/4 cup dried gumamela in 1 glass of H2O ) To do a decoction from fresh gumamela. Wash gumamela flower and/or leaves. cut into little pieces and furuncle ( 1/3 cup in 1 glass of H2O ) . allow cool and drink. Use Gumamela as Poultice: Poultice is the usage or fresh or dried herbs that is mashed. crushed or pounded – frequently heated ( boiled in H2O to soften and heat the herb ) and applied straight to the tegument. A clean fabric or gauze can be used to assist the cataplasm stay in topographic point. Gumamela is used for the intervention of: †¢ Bronchitis – as an expectorator†¢ Coughs. sore pharynx†¢ Fever – as refrigerating drink†¢ Treats dysentery†¢ Urinary piece of land infection. vesica infections†¢ High blood force per unit area†¢ Prevention of irregularity†¢ Concerns†¢ Boils. swelling A ; abscesses. epidemic parotitiss Application A ; Use of Gumamela: †¢ Decoction is used to handle: Bronchitis. coughs. febrility. dysentery. urinary and bladder infections. high blood force per unit area and irregularity. †¢ Poultice is applied externally on the stricken country. This is used to handle: concerns ( on the brow ) . furuncles. swelling. abscesses and epidemic parotitiss. †¢ Intake of gumamela ( entirely or assorted with papaia or papaya seeds ) specially in big measures can be an aborticide. hypertext transfer protocol: //rite-medicinal-plant. blogspot. com/2010/12/herbal-medicine_5503. hypertext markup language In AsiaIn Thailand. rozelle is drunk as a tea. believed to besides cut down cholesterin. It can besides be made into a vino. particularly if combined with Chinese tealeaves. in the ratio of 4:1 by weight ( 1/5 Chinese tea ) . It is besides intoxicated cold and sugared. The drink is popular in Malaysia and Indonesia every bit good. In China. candied flower petals are on occasion available. In Mandarin Chinese. it is called luoshenhua ( ) . In Europe hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hibiscus_teahypertext transfer protocol: //www. rjptonline. org/RJPT/RJPT_4_3_2011_Abstract. pdf Health benefitsThe tea is popular as a natural water pill ; it contains vitamin C and minerals. and is used traditionally as a mild medical specialty. Dieters or people with kidney jobs frequently take it without adding sugar for its good belongingss and as a natural water pill. A 2008 USDA survey shows devouring hibiscus tea lowers blood force per unit area in a group of prehypertensive and mildly hypertensive grownups. Three cups of tea day-to-day resulted in an mean bead of 8. 1 mmHg in their systolic blood force per unit area. compared to a 1. 3 mmHg bead in the voluntaries who drank the placebo drink. Study participants with higher blood force per unit area readings ( 129 or above ) had a greater response to hibiscus tea: their systolic blood force per unit area went down by 13. 2 mmHg. These informations support the thought that imbibing hibiscus tea in an sum readily incorporated into the diet may play a function in commanding blood force per unit area. although more research is required. .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 , .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .postImageUrl , .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 , .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484:hover , .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484:visited , .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484:active { border:0!important; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484:active , .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484 .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u44b878bc99fdd40bd8f1fcded3855484:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm 7 EssayHibiscus rosa-sinensis has a figure of medical utilizations in Chinese herbology. Lokapure s. g. et. al their research indicates some possible in decorative tegument attention ; for illustration. an infusion from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa- sinensis has been shown to map as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation. In the Indian traditional system of medical specialty. Ayurveda. hibiscus. particularly white hibiscus and ruddy hibiscus ( Hibiscus rosa-sinensis ) . is considered to hold medicative belongingss. The roots are used to do assorted mixtures believed to bring around complaints such as cough. hair loss or hair graying. As a hair intervention. the flowers are boiled in oil along with other spices to do a medicated hair oil. The foliages and flowers are ground into a all right paste with a small H2O. and the resulting lathery paste is used as a shampoo plus conditioner. hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hibiscus Immune systemVitamin C is found in high concentrations in immune cells. and is consumed rapidly during infections. It is non certain how vitamin C interacts with the immune system ; it has been hypothesized to modulate the activities of scavenger cells. the production of cytokines and lymph cells. and the figure of cell adhesion molecules in monocytes. Antihistamine Vitamin C is a natural antihistamine. It both prevents histamine release and increases the detoxification of histamine. A 1992 survey found that taking 2 gms vitamin C daily lowered blood histamine degrees 38 per centum in healthy grownups in merely one hebdomad. It has besides been noted that low concentrations of serum vitamin C has been correlated with increased serum histamine degrees.