Is Energy Released When Chemical Bonds Are Formed

One of the biggest challenges for chemistry students is understanding whether energy is required or released when chemical bonds are broken and formed. One reason this can be confusing is that a complete chemical reaction can go either way. Exothermic reactions release energy in the form of heat, so the sum of the energy released exceeds the amount required. Endothermic reactions absorb energy, so the sum of the energy required exceeds the amount that is released. In all types of chemical reactions, bonds are broken and reassembled to form new products. However, in exothermic, endothermic, and all chemical reactions, it takes energy to break the existing chemical bonds and energy is released when the new bonds form. Breaking Bonds → Energy Absorbed Forming Bonds → Energy Released Breaking Bonds Requires Energy You have to put energy into a molecule to break its chemical bonds. The amount needed is called the bond energy. After all, molecules dont spontaneously break. For example, when is the last time you saw a pile of wood spontaneously burst into flames or a bucket of water turn into hydrogen and oxygen? Energy must be applied for these reactions to occur. Forming Bonds Releases Energy Energy is released when bonds form. Bond formation represents a stable configuration for atoms, sort of like relaxing into a comfy chair. You release all your extra energy when you  sink into the chair and it takes more energy to get you back up again.

Literary Context Of Dystopian Literature - 1746 Words

Literary Context Dystopian literature presents a chilling and depressing view of the future in which society itself is generally the antagonist of the story and seems to work against the protagonist’s aims and desires. Dystopian literature explores the many problems within our society and uses them to create a dark and nightmare world, in which squalor, poverty or oppression are present. It acts as a cautionary tale for readers and brings to light the many flaws in humanity, which makes it impossible for a perfect society to ever exist. The true horrors, which compose a fictitious dystopian world, are used as a literary tool by many authors in an attempt to magnify societies issues. Their texts serve as a moralistic warning with aim to†¦show more content†¦The part of 1984, which is so compelling and interesting, is the fact that the people are living in a dystopian world without even knowing they are. Behind the mandatory Two Minute Hate and the motivational slogans lie the thought police, torture and telescreens watching you every move. Moreover the people who do notice something and rebel against the controlling society are whisked away and dealt with, like the protagonist in this novel. 1984 is a typical dystopian novel in which Orwell explores the many issues present during the time in which he wrote this book. He successfully creates a world in which technology is vastly more sophisticated than it was during the time in which this book was written and in which fear is used as a tool to control individuals who do not conform to the social norms. The horrible and dangerous futuristic world controlled repressively by the government and the thought police is portrayed wonderfully by Orwell who is able to create the perfect dystopian realm. George Orwell was inspired by many events, which took place throughout his life. He lived through World War I, II and part of the Cold War and therefore used these events to help create the world of 1984. However, not only was he inspired by the political issues around his time, but he was also inspired by the author Yevgeny Zamyatin who had published the book We a few years prior to when 1984 was published. We tells the story of aShow MoreRelated1984 Doublethink Analysis1497 Words   |  6 Pages1984 Connection: In 1984, George Orwell illustrates a dystopian society in which he emphasizes the influential contribution of language to the psychological manipulation the Party imposes. Specifically, through the concept of Doublethink, Orwell highlights the ironic names of the Partys ministries as means to euphemize what they actually are. From the very beginning of the novel, it is revealed how the Party characterizes the faà §ade that The Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with newsRead MoreCommentary on the Satiric Nature of George Orwells 19841926 Words   |  8 Pages It goes without saying that every work in literature is unique. The way that certain novels, novellas, or poems go about accentuating certain themes or points, whether of grand nature or of little consequence to society, is certainly achieved through a concoction of literary styles. The most enduring and effective works of literature exhibit an artful combination of literary device and aforementioned technique. Without a doubt, George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four exhibits such a blend of styleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Anthem By Ayn Rand For Summer Reading My Freshman Year1360 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: How’d He Do That? 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The exploitation of the working class did not just happen suddenly; it was theRead MoreEssay Arguing the Opposition of Censorship867 Words   |  4 Pagessociety have been withholding certain pieces of information from the public to ensure safety and prevent catastrophic out bursts; this detainment of public knowledge is called censoring. Censorship started in the early twentieth century, when profane literature began to surface in the wake of World War I; ever since then its been a normal part of all society. Without the use of censorship and the methods used to sustain information, society would evolve and erupt into complete and utter chaos. What isRead MoreI Am Writing At The Spring 2015 Semester Of Mrs. Miller s Engl 112 Dual Enrollment College1577 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch skills through the use of annotated bibliographies developed from using readings from our textbook (Graff 2008), and online research databases available through the Germanna Community College Library website, including Opposing Views in Context. I also used Academic Search Complete and a variety of sources from the Gale Publishing Group. We also had access to Smarthinking, an online tutorial website that was very helpful in developing my work. I have included here the handouts that I foundRead MoreSoyinka s Ngugi Wa Thiong O : An Anthology Of Recent Criticism1752 Words   |  8 Pagesarchival research on Ngugi criticism. She wrote another important book on the postcolonial African fiction, entitled Post-colonial African Fiction: The Crisis of Consciousness (1997). 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Forbes, in the film, successfully and intelligently includes a social commentary by using horror and psychological thriller as genres to exaggerate and display the confinement and liberation of women to its mostRead MoreOrwell s Animal Farm As A Critique Of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation And How Tyranny Operates1475 Words   |  6 PagesDystopian Fiction and Marxist Connection: George Orwell’s Animal Farm as a critique of Bourgeoisie- Proletariat Relation and How Tyranny Operates Literature is said to be the mirror of a society and one of the major functions of it has been to make people aware of their surroundings as well as themselves. While many writers of today might digress from the true purpose of writing, the classics have always held a special place in what may be called as the awakening of the individuals. In this contextRead MoreDehumanisation in Dystopian Literature2202 Words   |  9 Pages‘The twentieth century has seen a rise in the appearance of a distinctive literary sub-genre, the dystopian or anti-utopian novel with dehumanisation as its dominant theme.† To what extent do ‘1984’ and ‘Brave New World’ depict a dehumanised society? Both Orwell’s ‘1984’ and Huxley’s ‘Brave New World’ certainly deny humanness to the characters in their novels. Kelman defines humanness as having two key attributes, identity and community. Dehumanisation occurs when these are removed from society

Finance & Funding in the Travel & Tourism Sector

Question: Give the summary of financial performance? Answer: Introduction: According to Collier (2009)the profit and account loss defines the transactions of the whole year primarily for a business. Therefore the profit and loss account is a review of the business transactions and expenditures for the 12 months. Collier (2009) illustrates that by deducting total expenditure from the overall total income, it will demonstrate on the bottom line whether the business has made a profit or loss at the end of the period. Consequently, the tour operator called Tara Travel would need to follow these producers in order to manage their accounts. Emirates Emirates Ryan air Ryan air 2013 2014 2013 2014 Balance sheet (Statement of financial position) Current ratio Acid test ratio Capital gearing 1,335 1,568 611.6 617.2 Debtors collection period 5,136 6,421 329.6 351.8 Stock turnover ratio Profit and loss account (Income statement) 5,270 5,421 197.9 192.8 Ratio of administrative costs to sales 1,649 1,878 98.2 101.5 Ratio of fuel costs to sales 27,855 30,685 1,885.6 2,013.1 Net profit % 2.9% 6.9% 10% 2% Gross profit % 10.2% 39.2% 3% 4% Return on capital employed 1,042 1,190 435.6 463.6 Return on net assets employed 9,029 10,230 486.6 522.0 This report will summarize the overall financial performance of emirates and Ryan air airlines; this will include the financial performance with considering the size in term of turnover and net asset value, profitability, efficiency and the potential weaknesses and strength of each airline. Emirates Airlines; Emirates airlines are a major competitor for many global companies, the Company is based inDubai and founded by the United ArabEmirates government in 1985. Its main activity is the provision of commercial air transportation services. Emirates is thelargest airline in the Middle East andoperating nearly 3,400 flights per week. It isthe worlds fastest growing internationalairline and its growth has never fallen below20% a year. The percentage of passengersincrease is 13.8% in 2014 comparing by2013(Annual report, 2014) Strength: This section of analysis is now aimed at performing an analysis of the strength points of both these companies by way of considering an analysis of their liquidity and profitability performances as calculated above. The ratios as calculated are aimed at evaluating the profitability and liquidity performances of both these companies. Initially there has been the calculation of liquidity performance being performed in respect to both of them. An analysis of the capital gearing ratio of both these companies indicate that the performance of Ryanair has been efficient in this regard. This is mainly because the company has lower capital gearing ratio which suggests that Ryanair makes use of lower debt in financing its assets. The usage of lower debt is an important indicator of sound organizational performance because the implication of lower debt implies lower financial risks to the company. Contrary to this, it has been significantly higher in respect to Emirates, as its gearing ratio is almost double than that of Ryanair. In terms of entire liquidity performance, the performance of Ryanair has been better as compared to the performance of Emirates (Marsden, 2010). Apart from liquidity performance, the profitability performance has also been analyzed in respect to both these companies through calculating a range of profitability ratios. The strength point as identified is mainly in respect to Ryanair especially in the areas of operational efficiency. This is mainly because the administrative cost and the fuel cost to sales have been significantly lower in respect to Ryanair as compared to Emirates. This is again a positive performance indicator in respect to Ryanair as compared to Emirates. But the other major indicators of profitability performance of Emirates such as gross profit margin, net profit margin, return on capital employed and return on net assets have been highly efficient. This has been identified from the ratios as calculated above. A stronger profitability performance shows that the performance of Emirates has been efficient as against Ryanair. Further an important indication being noted in respect to the Ryanair and Emirates fr om the ratios above is that Emirates is operating at a larger scale as compared to Ryanair. Looking at the scale of operations, the performance of Ryanair is considered as highly efficient (Jones, 2007). Weaknesses: The financial statement analysis indicates the weakness of both these companies, and there are a range of areas whereby weakness has been identified. In respect to Emirates, it has been assessed that the gearing ratio is significantly higher and it is an indicator of the fact that the company has higher level of financial risks in its operations. Another major weakness is noted especially in respect to Emirates in terms of its liquidity performance whereby it has been evaluated that the time taken by the company in collecting from debtors is significantly higher as compared to Ryanair. The performance of a company is highly efficient when the time taken to collect from debtors is lower, and in respect to Emirates, it has been assessed that the time taken by debtors is significantly higher. The limitation has been noted in respect to the operational efficiency of Emirates because there has been increasing level of costs being suffered by the company in managing its administration. Thi s is regarded as a major limiting factor affecting the overall performance conditions of Emirates in particular (Rao, 2011). Comparison of Financial Performance: The comparison of financial performance of both these companies is performed as follows: Size of Companies: The size of companies is an important indicator factor in respect to analyzing their performance in a positive way. The evaluation of size of companies can be possible by looking at the figures such as turnover as achieved by these companies. An analysis indicates about the sales revenue of both these companies in 2013 whereby the revenue from sales in respect to Ryanair was noted at 4884 million whereas the revenue of Emirates in 2012 was identified as 77536 million. This shows that in terms of turnover, Emirates is operating at a significantly larger level as compared to Ryanair. This larger level of operations of Emirates is an indicating factor for its better performance because a lower rate of profitability means that the company has earned huge profits. However, the ratio analysis indicated sound profitability performance of Emirates as compared to Ryanair despite having huge fleet size of Emirates (Shim and Siegel, 2009). Profitability: The profitability performance of Emirates seems higher as compared to Ryanair in the above calculation of different ratios. This has been evident in respect to gross profit and net profit performance, as both these aspects are significantly higher in respect to Emirates. It is not only the profitability margins, but the return on capital employed and return on net assets are also higher in respect to Emirates which indicates a positive profitability performance of the company. However, an important factor behind such efficient profitability performance is the size of Emirates which has been significantly higher. The larger size of Emirates is a positive factor to the companys overall performance. Thus, the profitability ratio suggests that Emirates has been excellent in its performance (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2010). Efficiency: The efficiency analysis of both these airlines indicates that the major efficiency is noted in respect to Ryanair because the cost of administration has been significant lower. However, it could be viewed from different angle whereby the larger size of Emirates contributes in a positive manner towards higher fuel cost and administration costs. The turnover in respect to Emirates is significantly higher which contributes positively towards higher administration cost and the cost in relation to turnover. Overall in terms of efficiency performance, there has been efficiency being noted in respect to both of them and the larger administrative costs is mainly because of larger size of operation of Emirates (Bazley, Bazley and Hancock, 2009). References Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C. 2010, Financial Management Theory and Practice, 13th ed., Cengage Learning. Bazley, M.E., Bazley, M. and Hancock, P. (2009), Contemporary Accounting, 7th ed., Cengage Learning Australia. Jones, C.P. 2007, Investments: Analysis and Management, 9Th Ed, Wiley-India. Marsden, S.J. 2010, Australian Master Bookkeepers Guide, 3rd ed., CCH Australia Limited. Rao, R.M. 2011, Financial Statement Analysis and Reporting, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. Shim, J.K. and Siegel, J.G. 2009, Schaum's Outline of Financial Management, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill Professional.